Why is biodiversity important in the context of sustainability?

Biodiversity plays a crucial role in sustainability because it enhances ecosystem services and resilience. Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans derive from natural environments, including clean air and water, pollination of crops, soil fertility, and climate regulation. A diverse range of species contributes to the stability and functionality of ecosystems, making them more resilient to disturbances such as climate change, disease, or human activities. When ecosystems are rich in biodiversity, they can better withstand and recover from adverse conditions, which is vital for maintaining the balance necessary for sustainability.

The other options do not accurately capture the importance of biodiversity in sustainability. Economic growth is only one aspect influenced by biodiversity and does not encompass its broader ecological and social benefits. Simplifying environmental laws is not a direct benefit of biodiversity; in fact, the complexities of ecosystem interactions often lead to more comprehensive, rather than simplified, regulations. Finally, while biodiversity does involve competition among species, it is not accurate to say that it reduces competition; rather, it contributes to a balanced dynamic where various species can coexist, leading to healthier ecosystems.