What is the main purpose of geoengineering?

The primary purpose of geoengineering is to actively manipulate the climate system as a response to climate change. This involves large-scale interventions designed to alter the Earth’s natural systems with the goal of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, such as global warming and extreme weather patterns. Techniques under geoengineering may include solar radiation management, which reflects sunlight away from the Earth, and carbon dioxide removal methods.

While the other options touch on relevant aspects of environmental management, they do not encapsulate the essence of geoengineering. Enhancing agricultural productivity, promoting renewable energy sources, or extracting fossil fuels more efficiently do not directly involve manipulating the climate system itself. These are separate considerations in the broader context of sustainability and climate risk but do not align with the specific and focused intent of geoengineering.