What does the term “net-zero emissions” refer to?

The term “net-zero emissions” refers to balancing emitted greenhouse gases with removals. This concept is centered on the idea that organizations, countries, or other entities can continue to emit greenhouse gases as long as they are able to remove an equivalent amount from the atmosphere, effectively achieving a balance of zero net emissions.

Achieving net-zero emissions involves a combination of reducing current emissions through technological advancements, improving efficiency, or transitioning to renewable energy sources, along with implementing strategies for removing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. This may include methods like afforestation, reforestation, carbon capture and storage techniques, and enhancing natural processes that absorb carbon.

The approach allows for flexibility in how stakeholders can meet their emission reduction goals while acknowledging the need for continued economic and social activities that may produce emissions. The ultimate aim is to stabilize the climate and limit global warming, which is reflected in ambitious targets set by various governments and organizations around the world aligned with climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement.