What are negative emissions technologies designed to do?

Negative emissions technologies (NETs) are specifically designed to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, contributing directly to efforts to mitigate climate change. These technologies play a crucial role in addressing the anthropogenic emissions that have significantly increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, thereby enhancing the greenhouse effect and contributing to global warming. By capturing CO2 either from the air or at its source and either sequestering it underground or utilizing it in productive ways, NETs help to achieve carbon neutrality and even negative emissions, which is essential for limiting global temperature increases as outlined in international climate agreements.

The significance of this technology is underscored by the need to not only reduce future emissions but also actively remove the excess CO2 that is already present in the atmosphere. This proactive approach allows for a balanced strategy that combines emission reductions with remediation of past emissions, aiming for sustainable climate stability.

The focus of negative emissions technologies is distinct from the other options. Improving energy efficiency in industrial processes pertains to reducing current emissions rather than removing existing CO2. Increasing agricultural output through enhanced CO2 levels relates more to promoting plant growth through elevated carbon levels, rather than directly addressing climate mitigation. Lastly, facilitating the storage of fossil fuels does not capture or remove CO2 but rather focuses on